Χρύσιππος
Chrysippus, Chrysippos
Translated by Claudia Mársico10 Nov 1999Vetting: high10 revisions
Translation
Son of Apollonides; of Soloi or Tarsus.1 He was a philosopher, pupil of Cleanthes,2 and he led the Stoic school after Cleanthes.3 He died at the age of 73 because he drank immoderately and fainted. However others say that in the 143rd Olympiad4 he died because he split his sides laughing too much.5 He wrote more than seven hundred books about philosophical, historical and grammatical subjects.6
Greek original · Adler’s text
Χρύσιππος, Ἀπολλωνίδου, Σολεὺς ἢ Ταρσεύς, φιλόσοφος, μαθητὴς Κλεάνθους, καθηγησάμενος τῆς Στωϊκῆς σχολῆς μετὰ Κλεάνθην. καὶ τελευτήσας οʹ καὶ τρίων ἐτῶν, ὑπὸ τοῦ πιεῖν ἄκρατον καὶ ἰλιγγιάσαι· κατὰ δὲ ἄλλους ὑπὸ γέλωτος ἀπείρου· ἐπὶ ρμγʹ ὀλυμπιάδος. συντέταχε δὲ βιβλία πλεῖον ἢ ψʹ φιλόσοφά τε καὶ ἱστορικὰ καὶ γραμματικά.
Betacode
*xru/sippos, *)apollwni/dou, *soleu\s h)\ *tarseu/s, filo/sofos, maqhth\s *klea/nqous, kaqhghsa/menos th=s *stwi+kh=s sxolh=s meta\ *klea/nqhn. kai\ teleuth/sas o# kai\ tri/wn e)tw=n, u(po\ tou= piei=n a)/kraton kai\ i)liggia/sai: kata\ de\ a)/llous u(po\ ge/lwtos a)pei/rou: e)pi\ rmg# o)lumpia/dos. sunte/taxe de\ bibli/a plei=on h)\ y# filo/sofa/ te kai\ i(storika\ kai\ grammatika/.
Notes (6)
- c.280-207 BCE. See generally OCD(4) s.v. (p.316), also MacTutor at web address 1, Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy at web address 2, and cf. chi 567, chi 569.↩
Chrysippus was the principal systematizer of Stoicism. He is considered to have been, with Zeno, co-founder of the Stoa. He wrote on areas of philosophy defined by Zeno: logic, ethics, and physics. He was among the first to organise propositional logic as an intellectual discipline. The information of this passage derives from Diogenes Laertius 7.179-189, where D.L. sometimes also mentions his sources.- 1D.L. 7.179 (SVF II,1,2) says that he knows this from Alexander Polyhistor (fr. 145 Mueller = 91 Jacoby). who seems to introduce the uncertainty over Soloi and Tarsus as birthplace of Chrysippus. Strabo (14.5.8; SVF II,2,32), Galen (Protrepticus 7; SVF II,3,2), and Pausanias (1.17.2; SVF 3,19) state that Chrysippus was born in Soloi, and Strabo adds that his parents emigrated from Soloi in Cyprus to Tarsus in Cilicia, early in the third century BCE, which was a period of great conflicts in this area. ↩
- 2cf. kappa 1711. ↩
- 3According to D.L. 7.179 (SVF II,1,4) either Zeno or Cleanthes was Chrysippus' mentor; however, this evidence is questionable if Zeno died in 263. The Suda is clearly correct. ↩
- 4208-205 BCE. ↩
- 5Both versions of Chrysippus' death are present in D.L. 7184-185. For the first, D.L. takes the testimony of Hermippus (fr.51 Mueller) and Apollodorus (fr.46 Jacoby). For the second, he explains the situation that produced Chrysippus' laugh: seeing a donkey eating some figs, he suggested that the old woman who owned the donkey give it a glass of wine. He then broke into a fit of laughter that ended up killing him. ↩
- 6D.L. 7.180 says that Chrysippus wrote more than 750 works and gives (7.189-202) a catalogue ordered by subjects.
References
Hans von Arnim, Stoicorum Veterum Fragmenta, 4 vol. (1905-24)
Max Pohlenz, Die Stoa, 2 vol. (1948-49)
Josiah B. Gould, The Philosophy of Chrysippus (1970)
Jason L. Saunders, Greek and Roman Philosophy After Aristotle (1966)
Emile Brehier, Chrysippe et l'ancien stoicisme (1951)
A.A Long & D.N. Sedley, The Hellenistic Philosophers (1987)
Max Pohlenz, Die Stoa, 2 vol. (1948-49)
Josiah B. Gould, The Philosophy of Chrysippus (1970)
Jason L. Saunders, Greek and Roman Philosophy After Aristotle (1966)
Emile Brehier, Chrysippe et l'ancien stoicisme (1951)
A.A Long & D.N. Sedley, The Hellenistic Philosophers (1987)
External resources
- Web address 1 mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk
- Web address 2 iep.utm.edu
Linked from6 entries
- α3911ἈριστογένηςAristogenesA Knidian, a doctor, slave of Chrysippos the philosopher. Served as doctor to Antigonos surnamed Gonatas.
- α3917ἈριστοκλῆςAristocles, AristoklesOf Lampsacus, Stoic philosopher. He wrote an Exegesis of Chrysippus' How we name each thing and form a conception of it, in 4 books.
- αι76Αἰγυπτία κληματίςEgyptian vine-branch.[sc. A proverbial phrase] in reference to lean and fairly tall men; such a man was Zeno of Citium. It is said that he consulted the oracle to learn how he might live the best life, and that the god's answer was that he…
- αι356ΑἰσχρόνshamefulSophocles [writes]: "for it is shameful to ask for a long life for one who will never be free from evils." That is, whoever is always reckoned among the evil. [There are] 4 types of 'shameful': unjust, cowardly,…
- χ567Χρυσίππειοι μαθηταίChrysippeian pupils, Chrysippian pupils[Meaning] those of Chrysippus.
- χ569ΧρύσιπποςChrysippos, ChrysippusA proper name. The philosopher Chrysippus used to propose arguments of this kind: 'He who tells the mysteries to the uninitiated commits impiety. The priest tells [the mysteries] to the uninitiated. Therefore the priest…
Neighbouring entries
Revision history10 revisions · last 7 Jul 2023
- coding — Catharine Roth
- another link — Catharine Roth
- added a link — Catharine Roth
- updated a ref — David Whitehead
- another x-ref; more keywords; tweaking — David Whitehead
- another keyword; cosmetics — David Whitehead
- modified translation; augmented notes and keywords; restorative and other cosmetics — David Whitehead
- — Edmund P. Cueva
- —
- —
- Translated — Claudia Mársico