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- λ351Λεχώϊαbirthing, of childbirth… 7.166.5-6 (Dioscorides or Nicarchus), on a youthful bride who died during childbirth; cf. Gow and Page (vol. I, 93) and (vol. II, 269-270). Gow and Page find that identifying the author as a Nicarchus …
- γ243ΓήπαιδεςGêpaides, Gepids… (along with Bulgars and Slavs) who menaced the Roman Empire during the reign of Justinian: see Procopius etc.
- α4029Ἄρτεμις ΛαφρίαArtemis Laphria… the present entry derives) was worshipped at Patrai, in Achaia, during the festival known as the Laphria. During the ceremonies a priestess would enter in a procession in a chariot pulled by deer. The …
- α583ἈζέμιλκοςAzemilkos, Azemilcus, Azemilk… in Arrian, Anabasis 2.15.7, 2.24.5: king of Tyre [tau 1200] during the celebrated siege of it (332 BCE) by Alexander the Great.
- χ451Χωστρίςdigging-shedDuring sieges and blockades: see e.g. Diodorus Siculus 24.1.1. The headword is used either as a adjective attached to 'tortoise' (xelw/nh) or by itself.
- α1988ἈναξιμένηςAnaximenes… Adler (addenda) notes Daub's proposal to add oi( de/ before 'during ...', so that the sentence contains two different chronological alternatives. But another approach to the issue is suggested by Diogenes Laertius 2.3, who …
- γ477ΓύλιπποςGylippos, Gylippus… the flesh of the Athenians (in various places and capacities) during the final decade of the Peloponnesian War. See generally OCD(4) s.v. (p.638).
- ε95Ἐγκεχείρικα πάντα ΤιμολέοντιI undertook everything for Timoleon… the elderly Corinthian of that name who revitalized Greek Sicily during the 340s and 330s BCE (see under tau 600, and generally OCD(4) s.v.); beyond that, however, the import and context of this unparalleled …
- α4298Ἀσφόδελοςasphodel… states that asphodel, which he had seen consumed in famines during his own time, was barely edible. However, Theophrastus, who was less fussy than Galen, praised [in Enquiry into Plants 7.12-13] the utility of …
- ε3929ἜφιπποςEphippos, Ephippus… scholarship. Ephippos, twelve plays by whom are attested, was active during the years c.375-c.340.
- χ1ΧαβρίαςKhabrias,Chabrias… "His greatest achievements were the defence of Boeotia in 378, during which he invented a useful method of defence against hoplites, the decisive naval victory over Sparta near Naxos in 376, and the extension …
- ει135Εἱλωτίςhelot-woman, female helot… feminine form of the word see Plutarch, Agesilaus 3.1 (= Duris FGrH 76 F63); also e.g. listed among ethnics by Herodian, De prosodia catholica 3.1.103.12, and by Stephanus of Byzantium s.v. Helos.
- ι639Ἰσθμικὴ πίτυςIsthmian pine… OCD(4) s.v. The crowns awarded there were of dry celery during the classical period but of pine earlier (and again later). There is a lavish and learned discussion of this in book 5 of …
- κ1982ΚομμαγηνήKommagene, Commagene… it was incorporated into the Seleucid empire but broke away during its decline. Eventually incorporated into the Roman empire.
- α1977Ἀνανταγώνιστοςunrivalled… Arrian). [1] Theophylact Simocatta, Histories 2.6.13, on the Roman army during the Solachon (cf. alpha 141 note) campaign of 586; cf. de Boor (81) and Whitby (51).
- κ1615ΚίμβροςCimbrian… a marauding Germanic tribe which wreaked havoc in southern Europe during the late C2 BCE, see generally OCD(4) s.v. [2] Appian, Celtica fr.14 Mendelssohn.
- γ335Γνωματεύωνmaking decisions [on]… fr. 5.4 Blockley (52-53), on the duplicity of Avar envoys during negotiations with the Romans in 561-562. On the Avars, see alpha 18 generally. Find another extract from this fragment at upsilon 620.
- μ105ΜάλλιοςMallius, Manlius… 8.7 (where the opponent is called Geminus Maecius, a Tusculan): during the Latin War of Rome against the Latin League, Manlius executed his son for raiding the Latins despite orders not to leave camp. …
- ε549Ἑκὼν ἀέκοντί γε θυμῷwilling but with an unwilling heart… the reflections of Chosroes II (cf. generally chi 418 note) during the Roman siege of Martyropolis (cf. alpha 3649 note) in the autumn of 590; cf. de Boor (182) and Whitby (126). The Homeric …
- κ562Καταθρώσκονταleaping down… 1068) injuring himself -- fatally, as it turned out -- during his siege of Paros in 490/89.
- δ1210Διὸς κῴδιονZeus' ram-fleece… offer of cakes or sacrificial animals and was especially celebrated during the Diasia, an important Athenian festival (see Thucydides 1.126.6: web address 1). [4] The epithet is related to the function of Zeus as …
- α222ἈγηνόριονAgenorion, Agenor-shrineIn Arrian, Anabasis 2.24.2: during Alexander the Great's siege of Tyre (332 BCE) the defenders attempt to rally at the Agenorion. For Agenor cf. alpha 223. But NB Bosworth ad loc.: 'This supposed Shrine …
- γ447ΓραικοίGraikoi, Graeci, Greeks… regnal date for Hellen the son of Deukalion (delta 283), during whose reign "those formerly called Graikoi were [re-]named Hellenes." [2] Here only. [3] Son of Thessalos, according to Stephanus of Byzantium s.v. [4] …
- δ935Διέπεσενcollapsed, fell through… beta 283 for the role of Bithias in aiding Hasdrubal during the siege of Carthage in 147 BCE.) Latterly, however, Favuzzi [see under alpha 1596] finds vocabulary-based grounds for attributing to it Polybius.
- ε736Ἐλακωμάνουνthey were Lakono-crazy… Aristophanes, or the herald who is speaking. [2] 414 BC, during the Peloponnesian War.
- α1938Ἀνάληψιςrecovery… address 1). In early July 216 BCE (Walbank, p. 421), during the Second Punic War (218-201 BCE), Hannibal (cf. alpha 2452) withdrew eastward following his stunning victory in the Battle of Lake Trasimene (Barrington …
- κ812Καταταχήσωνintending to speed away… the final phrase, modified), on Hannibal "the Rhodian" at Lilybaion during the First Punic War.
- δ1607Δυσδιόρθωτοςhard to be set right… dusxerw=s diwrqou/menos, mh\ diwrqou/menos. While the headword has its origin during the second or third century CE (first attested in ps.-Galen, De humoribus 19.489) and is fully developed only later, in Patristic and Byzantine …
- α3252Ἀποβεβιωκέναιto have ceased living… in indirect speech). [1] Menander Protector fr. 12.5 Blockley (132-133), during the Avar siege of Sirmium (cf. sigma 477) in 568, Bonus's doctor Theodorus (cf. PLRE IIIb s.v. Theodorus(28)) deliberates over allowing the wounded …
- α2043Ἀνάργυροςmoneyless… -- sc. Spartan -- occupation of Attica indicates a date during the Decelian War (413-404).