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Μέγα

big

Translated by Christopher Blackwell16 Apr 2002Vetting: high3 revisions

8 notes · 348 words
[Big] and Small we say with respect to hearing; we also say this of sounds. And only hearing can discern the "big" and "small" of sounds, but touch and taste discern extent1 in bodies.2 When we speak of a white or black voice, we are speaking according to an analogy or comparison drawn from colors. And the opposition of "big" and "small" in sounds is not different from that of high and low pitch -- as the opposition of heavy and light, or rough and smooth, or each opposition of other things, with respect to touch, is different from that of hot and cold -- but indicates the tightening3 or the loosening4 of sounds; this is not characteristic of any other opposition. At any rate this sort of "big" and "small" can be found -- such as the "big" of honey, to take an example, and the "small" of dried figs, because sweetness is tightened/intensified in honey, and loosened/diminished in dried figs. But one might also call the color black "big" when it is deep,5 and "small" when it is not so, but lighter -- simply applying the words "big" and "small" to intensity6 and faintness.7 [It is] worth investigating why it is -- given that "big" and "small" are said only of quantities8 -- that we used the metaphor appropriately only with respect to intense and faint sounds, calling sounds "big" or "small," but not calling something very sweet a "big" sweet thing, or something having a faint sweetness "small," or thus with respect to anything else. I say that a sound is not some substantial, solid thing, but exists only in the act of coming into being. And it comes into being in time, and all time is continuous. Thus, we call a sound that comes into being over a long time "big," and a sound that comes into being over a short time "small." But that which is very sweet, or very black, and likewise with respect to other things, is such by the vehemence of the quality, not by the length of the time.

Greek original · Adler’s text

Μέγα καὶ Μικρὸν περὶ τὴν ἀκοὴν λέγεται· λέγεται δὲ καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ψόφων. καὶ τὸ μὲν ἐν ψόφοις μέγα καὶ μικρὸν ἡ ἀκοὴ μόνη δύναται διακρῖναι, τὸ δὲ ἐν σώμασι τὸ συνεχὲς ἡ ἀφὴ καὶ ἡ γεῦσις διακρίνουσιν. ὅτε δὲ λέγομεν λευκὴν φωνὴν ἢ μέλαιναν, κατὰ ἀναλογίαν καὶ ὁμοιότητα τὴν ἀπὸ τῶν χρωμάτων φαμέν. καὶ τοῦ μὲν ἐν ψόφοις μέγα καὶ μικρὸν οὐκ ἔστιν ἑτέρα τις ἀντίθεσις παρὰ τὸν ὀξὺν καὶ βαρὺν φθόγγον, ὥσπερ ἐπὶ τῆς ἁφῆς παρὰ τὸ θερμὸν καὶ ψυχρὸν ἑτέρα παντελῶς ἀντίθεσις τὸ βαρὺ καὶ κοῦφον ἢ τραχὺ καὶ λεῖον καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἑκάστη, ἀλλὰ τὴν ἄνεσιν ἢ τὴν ἐπίτασιν δηλοῖ τῶν ψόφων· τοῦτο δὲ οὐκ ἔστιν ἑτέρας ἀντιθέσεως ἴδιον. τὸ τοιοῦτο γοῦν μέγα καὶ μικρὸν εὑρεῖν ἐστίν, οἷον τὸν μὲν τοῦ μέλιτος, εἰ τύχοι, μέγαν, τὸν δὲ τῆς ἰσχάδος μικρόν, ὅτι ἐπιτέταται ἡ γλυ- κύτης ἐν τῷ μέλιτι, ἀνεῖται δὲ ἐν τῇ ἰσχάδι. ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸ μέλαν χρῶμα τὸ μὲν κατακορὲς εἴποι τις μέγα, τὸ δὲ μὴ οὕτως ἔχον ἀλλ' ὑφειμένον μικρόν, τὸ σφοδρὸν ἁπλῶς καὶ ἀμυδρὸν τῇ τοῦ μεγάλου καὶ μικροῦ φωνῇ ὀνομάζων. ζητῆσαι δὲ ἄξιον τί δήποτε ἐπὶ μόνων τῶν μεγεθῶν λεγομένου τοῦ μεγάλου καὶ μικροῦ ἐπὶ μόνων τῶν σφοδρῶν ψόφων καὶ ἀμυδρῶν τῇ μεταφορᾷ οἰκείως ἐχρησάμεθα, μέγαν ψόφον λέγοντες καὶ μικρόν, οὐ μέντοι μέγα γλυκὺ τὸ ἄγαν γλυκύ, οὐδὲ μικρὸν τὸ ἀμυδρὰν ἔχον τὴν γλυκύτητα, οὐδὲ ἐπ' ἄλλου οὐδενός. φημὶ οὖν, ὅτι ὁ ψόφος οὐκ ἔστιν ὑφεστηκός τι ἀθρόον πρᾶγμα, ἀλλ' ἐν τῷ γίνεσθαι ὑφέστηκε· γίνεται δὲ ἐν χρόνῳ, πᾶς δὲ χρόνος συνεχής. διὰ τοῦτο τὸν ἐν πολλῷ χρόνῳ γενόμενον ψόφον μέγαν φαμέν, μικρὸν δὲ τὸν ἐν ὀλίγῳ. τὸ δὲ ἄγαν γλυκὺ καὶ ἄγαν μέλαν καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἄλλων τῷ σφοδρῷ τῆς ποιότητος τοιαῦτά ἐστιν, οὐ τῷ μήκει τοῦ χρόνου.

Betacode
*me/ga kai\ *mikro\n peri\ th\n a)koh\n le/getai: le/getai de\ kai\ e)pi\ tw=n yo/fwn. kai\ to\ me\n e)n yo/fois me/ga kai\ mikro\n h( a)koh\ mo/nh du/natai diakri=nai, to\ de\ e)n sw/masi to\ sunexe\s h( a)fh\ kai\ h( geu=sis diakri/nousin. o(/te de\ le/gomen leukh\n fwnh\n h)\ me/lainan, kata\ a)nalogi/an kai\ o(moio/thta th\n a)po\ tw=n xrwma/twn fame/n. kai\ tou= me\n e)n yo/fois me/ga kai\ mikro\n ou)k e)/stin e(te/ra tis a)nti/qesis para\ to\n o)cu\n kai\ baru\n fqo/ggon, w(/sper e)pi\ th=s a(fh=s para\ to\ qermo\n kai\ yuxro\n e(te/ra pantelw=s a)nti/qesis to\ baru\ kai\ kou=fon h)\ traxu\ kai\ lei=on kai\ tw=n a)/llwn e(ka/sth, a)lla\ th\n a)/nesin h)\ th\n e)pi/tasin dhloi= tw=n yo/fwn: tou=to de\ ou)k e)/stin e(te/ras a)ntiqe/sews i)/dion. to\ toiou=to gou=n me/ga kai\ mikro\n eu(rei=n e)sti/n, oi(=on to\n me\n tou= me/litos, ei) tu/xoi, me/gan, to\n de\ th=s i)sxa/dos mikro/n, o(/ti e)pite/tatai h( glu-  ku/ths e)n tw=| me/liti, a)nei=tai de\ e)n th=| i)sxa/di. a)lla\ kai\ to\ me/lan xrw=ma to\ me\n katakore\s ei)/poi tis me/ga, to\ de\ mh\ ou(/tws e)/xon a)ll' u(feime/non mikro/n, to\ sfodro\n a(plw=s kai\ a)mudro\n th=| tou= mega/lou kai\ mikrou= fwnh=| o)noma/zwn. zhth=sai de\ a)/cion ti/ dh/pote e)pi\ mo/nwn tw=n megeqw=n legome/nou tou= mega/lou kai\ mikrou= e)pi\ mo/nwn tw=n sfodrw=n yo/fwn kai\ a)mudrw=n th=| metafora=| oi)kei/ws e)xrhsa/meqa, me/gan yo/fon le/gontes kai\ mikro/n, ou) me/ntoi me/ga gluku\ to\ a)/gan gluku/, ou)de\ mikro\n to\ a)mudra\n e)/xon th\n gluku/thta, ou)de\ e)p' a)/llou ou)deno/s. fhmi\ ou)=n, o(/ti o( yo/fos ou)k e)/stin u(festhko/s ti a)qro/on pra=gma, a)ll' e)n tw=| gi/nesqai u(fe/sthke: gi/netai de\ e)n xro/nw|, pa=s de\ xro/nos sunexh/s. dia\ tou=to to\n e)n pollw=| xro/nw| geno/menon yo/fon me/gan fame/n, mikro\n de\ to\n e)n o)li/gw|. to\ de\ a)/gan gluku\ kai\ a)/gan me/lan kai\ e)pi\ tw=n a)/llwn tw=| sfodrw=| th=s poio/thtos toiau=ta/ e)stin, ou) tw=| mh/kei tou= xro/nou.

Notes (8)

  1. John Philoponus, Commentary on Aristotle's de anima 409.4-22; 28-410.1. The translator would like to thank David Morgan for his help with this passage.
  2. 1Or: continuity. ↩
  3. 2Or: material objects. ↩
  4. 3Or: intensifying or making sharper, i.e. higher. ↩
  5. 4Or: diminishing or making flatter, i.e. lower. ↩
  6. 5Or: dark. ↩
  7. 6Or: vehemence. ↩
  8. 7Or: dimness. ↩
  9. 8e)pi\ mo/nwn tw=n megeqw=n legome/nou tou= mega/lou kai\ mikrou=. This would seem to make more sense if we omit the mo/nwn (perhaps it appears a result of diplography with the following e)pi\ mo/nwn?). The sentence would then read: "It is worth investigating why it is -- given that 'big' and 'small' are said of quantities -- that we use the metaphor appropriately only with respect to intense and faint sounds...." ↩

Linked from1 entry

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μ350ΜεγάβυζοςMegabyzos, Megabyzusμ351Μεγάθυμοςgreat-heartedμ352Μέγαbigμ353Μεγακήτηςfull of hollows, full of sea-monstersμ354Μεγακλέους κίοναςMegakles' pillars, Megacles' pillars
Revision history3 revisions · last 17 May 2016
  1. coding — David Whitehead
  2. Revised — David Whitehead
  3. added note and keyword; internal reorganization — David Whitehead
  4. Translated — Christopher Blackwell

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